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Howard Metzenbaum

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Howard Morton Metzenbaum (June 4, 1917 – March 12, 2008) was an American politician who served for almost 20 years as a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Ohio (1974, 1976–1995). He also served in the Ohio House of Representatives and Senate from 1943 to 1951.

Contents

[hide]  1 Early life and education 2 Business career 3 Political career 3.1 Ohio legislature 3.2 U.S. Senate 3.3 Issues 4 Cleveland Stokers 5 Retirement 5.1 Legacy 6 In popular culture 7 References

Early life and education[edit]

Metzenbaum was born 1917 in Cleveland, Ohio, to a poor family, the son of Anna (née Klafter) and Charles I. Metzenbaum.[1] His paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Poland and France, and his maternal grandparents were Hungarian Jews.[2] He attended Glenville High School, for whom he ran track, while also working odd jobs after hours.[1] He graduated from Ohio State University, receiving a bachelor‘s degree in 1939 and a law degree in 1941.[3] During the 1940s, he practiced law in Cleveland. After initially facing discrimination due to his Jewish heritage, he found acceptance representing large labor unions, first with the Communications Workers of America and later the International Association of Machinists.[4]

Business career[edit]

Metzenbaum became independently wealthy through investments, particularly in real estate near what became theCleveland Hopkins International Airport, which Metzenbaum and his partner, Alva “Ted” Bonda, correctly envisioned would make for extremely profitable, 24-hour, well-lit parking lots. The business expanded to become Airport Parking Company of America (APCOA), the world’s largest parking lot company.[5] By 1970, he had sold his interest in APCOA Parking for $20 million.[6] In the early 1970s, Metzenbaum also co-owned the Sun Newspapers chain of weeklies which covered the Cleveland suburbs, a venture undertaken after his first senatorial election defeat.[7]

Political career[edit]

Ohio legislature[edit]

Metzenbaum served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1943 to 1947. He then served in the Ohio Senate from 1947 to 1951.[4]

In 1958, he served as the campaign manager for future U.S. Senator Stephen M. Young, who, in a major upset, narrowly unseated incumbent Senator John Bricker, the Republican Party’s 1944 Vice Presidential nominee. He returned to assist Young in a successful re-election campaign in 1964.[4]

U.S. Senate[edit]

John Glenn, former rival and later ally to Metzenbaum

In 1970, Metzenbaum ran for the Senate seat vacated by Young, who chose not to run for a third term. He defeatedastronaut John Glenn in the Democratic primary by a 51% to 49% margin, but narrowly lost to Robert Taft, Jr. in thegeneral election. In 1974, when Senator William B. Saxbe (R-OH) resigned from his seat to accept the nomination asU.S. attorney general, Governor Jack Gilligan appointed Metzenbaum to serve the remainder of Saxbe’s term. Metzenbaum ran for election to the seat, but in a bitter Democratic primary, Metzenbaum lost to Glenn, who subsequently won the general election by a landslide.

In the 1974 Senate primary, Metzenbaum contrasted his strong business background with Glenn’s military and astronaut credentials, saying his opponent had “never worked for a living”. Glenn’s reply came to be known as the “Gold Star Mothers” speech. He told Metzenbaum to go to a veterans’ hospital and “look those men with mangled bodies in the eyes and tell them they didn’t hold a job. You go with me to any Gold Star mother and you look her in the eye and tell her that her son did not hold a job.” Many felt the “Gold Star Mothers” speech won the primary for Glenn, which he won by 54 to 46%.[5]

In 1976, however, Metzenbaum sought a rematch against Taft. The race was close again, but this time he won, riding on Jimmy Carter‘s coattails. Taft resigned the seat a few days before his term ended, allowing Metzenbaum to be sworn in a few days early and hence have a small edge in seniority over other senators newly elected in 1976. He was reelected in 1982, comfortably defeating Republican state Senator Paul Pfeifer. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Glenn and Metzenbaum had strained relations. There was a thaw in 1983 when Metzenbaum endorsed Glenn for president. In 1981 Metzenbaum was insulted on the floor of the Senate when Senator Ernest Hollings of South Carolinacalled him the “senator from B’nai Brith“.[8] Some interpreted this as a slur on Metzenbaum’s Jewish faith.[8] Hollings later apologized to Metzenbaum and the remarks were stricken from the record.[9]

In 1988 Metzenbaum was opposed by Cleveland mayor George Voinovich. Voinovich accused Metzenbaum of being soft on child pornography.[10][11] Voinovich’s charges were criticized by many, including Glenn, Metzenbaum’s old-time rival in the Democratic party and then-Senate colleague, who recorded a statement for television refuting Voinovich’s charges.[12] Metzenbaum won the election by 57 to 43%, even as George H. W. Bush won Ohio’s electoral votes by 11 percent.[13]

Issues[edit]

Metzenbaum did not run for reelection in 1994. His son-in-law Joel Hyatt was nominated by the Democrats to replace him, but Hyatt lost to Lieutenant GovernorMike DeWine, who had been elected as Voinovich’s running mate in 1990.

While in the Senate, Metzenbaum was a powerful liberal. He was known as “Senator No” (a nickname shared by Republican Jesse Helms of North Carolina) and “Headline Howard”[5][14] due to his ability to filibuster bills by offering scores of amendments as well as blocking hidden special-interest legislation.[14]Metzenbaum took a particular interest in antitrust and consumer protection issues, often threatening to repeal the antitrust law exemption given to Major League Baseball. Since his retirement, however, the issue has gone largely unaddressed. Metzenbaum became well known for his service on the Senate Judiciary Committee, particularly because of his dedicated efforts to keep stringent antitrust laws and his pro-choice stance on abortion.

Metzenbaum was skeptical of corporations and agencies promoting aspartame. An allegation was that the G. D. Searle & Company was trying to bring aspartame to market and get it approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by submitting false data. Senator Metzenbaum berated Searle’s fabricated tests and also faulted the American Medical Association (AMA), whose Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reported, with some significant disclaimers, that aspartame was safe for most people. Senator Metzenbaum, referring to the report said, “I wish that this [JAMA] report could ease my concerns. It does not. It merely restates the FDA position, which relies solely on the Searle tests. As I have indicated these tests are under a cloud. In addition, the concerns raised recently by the scientists…were not even included in the report.” In 1985, the U.S. Senate heard testimony relating to an amendment by Senator Howard Metzenbaum which would require the quantity of aspartame in a product to be labeled.

Cleveland Stokers[edit]

In January 1968 Metzenbaum and Bonda purchased the Cleveland Stokers soccer club from Cleveland Indians executives Vernon Stouffer and Gabe Paul. Under their leadership, the team played one year in the North American Soccer League, and even won their division, before departing the league due to differences in business philosophy with the other owners.

Retirement[edit]

After leaving the Senate in 1995, Metzenbaum served as the chairman of the Consumer Federation of America. He died at his home in Aventura, Florida on March 12, 2008.[15] He was buried at Mayfield Cemetery in Cleveland Heights, Ohio.[16]

Refuting urban legends to the contrary, Metzenbaum asserted that he never represented the Communist Party.[17] When the National Republican Senatorial Committee suggested in 1987 that he had “Communist sympathies”, Chairman Rudy Boschwitz apologized for the insulting smear.[18]

Metzenbaum’s cousin, James Metzenbaum, was a prominent Ohio attorney who wrote a noted text on zoning law and once ran for a seat on the Ohio Supreme Court.

Legacy[edit]

The Old Federal Building and Post Office, now Howard M. Metzenbaum United States Courthouse

Metzenbaum was behind several important pieces of enacted legislation during his Senatorial career. These laws included the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, which required warning periods for large factory closures,[19][20] the Brady Law, which established a waiting period for handgun purchases,[5][21] and the Howard M. Metzenbaum Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 (MEPA) (U.S. Public Law 103-82), which prohibits federally subsidizedadoption agencies from delaying or denying child placement on grounds of race or ethnicity.[22]

On May 27, 1998, the Old Federal Building and Post Office in downtown Cleveland was renamed the Howard M. Metzenbaum United States Courthouse in his honor.[23]

In popular culture[edit]

Metzenbaum was referenced in the Space Ghost Coast to Coast episode “Switcheroo”. Space Ghost mentioned him as a guest, but his staff had forgotten to book him.

Metzenbaum had a cameo in the 1993 film Dave. He was also referenced in numerous Cleveland-area advertisements.

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Howard Metzenbaum

1. ^ a b Kroll, John (December 4, 1994). “Howard’s End: Metzenbaum was true to form through his last days in the Senate”. The Plain Dealer. Retrieved May 7, 2013.
2. ^ “Ancestry of Howard Metzenbaum”. Wargs.com. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
3. ^ Brudney, James J. (September 2008). “Memorial Service Honors Sen. Howard Metzenbaum ’41”. This Month @ Moritz. The Ohio State University. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
4. ^ a b c “METZENBAUM, HOWARD MORTON”. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. Case Western University. July 24, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
5. ^ a b c d “Howard M. Metzenbaum, 1917-2008: Ohio Senator was a champion of labor and master of rules”. Los Angeles Times. 2008-03-13. pp. B9.
6. ^ “Upset Time: POLITICS”. TIME magazine. May 18, 1970. Retrieved 2008-02-27.
7. ^ “Sun Newspapers,” Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, David D. VanTassel, ed., 1997. Retrieved 13 Mar. 2008
8. ^ a b Shanahan, Mike (November 14, 1981). “Prayer Issue Sparks Fiery Senate Debate”. The Dispatch (Lexington, NC). Retrieved May 6, 2013.
9. ^ “Hollings issues apology”. Associated Press. The Augusta Chronicle. October 16, 1998. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
10. ^ Clements, Chase (September 8, 1988). “TV ad on child-porn legislation stirs up U.S. Senate race in Ohio”. Toledo Blade. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
11. ^ Miller, Robert E. (October 20, 1988). “Metzenbaum Far Ahead Of Challenging Cleveland Mayor”. Associated Press. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
12. ^ “In Ohio’s Senate race, the low road crosses the campaign trail. Negative TV ads roil Metzenbaum-Voinovich race but fail to stir voters”. The Christian Science Monitor. October 6, 1988. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
13. ^ Hallett, Joe (November 9, 1988). “Metzenbaum scores a big victory over Voinovich”. Toledo Blade. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
14. ^ a b Sullivan, Patricia (March 14, 2008). “Ohio Sen. Howard M. Metzenbaum, 90; Fought Special-Interest Bills, Tax Breaks”. The Washington Post. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
15. ^ Howard M. Metzenbaum, Who Battled Big Business as Ohio Senator, Dies at 90
16. ^ “METZENBAUM, Howard Morton – Biographical Information”. Bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2012-11-11.
17. ^ Personal correspondence, Jan. 5, 2006, from Harold S. Stern, Metzenbaum’s law partner after 1953
18. ^ “American Notes: POLITICS”. TIME magazine. August 10, 1987. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
19. ^ “Bill Summary & Status, 100th Congress (1987 – 1988), S.2527”. The Library of Congress. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
20. ^ “29 USC Chapter 23 – WORKER ADJUSTMENT AND RETRAINING NOTIFICATION”. Legal Information Institute. Cornell University Law School. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
21. ^ Associated Press, “Former Ohio Sen. Howard Metzenbaum dies,” 13 Mar. 2008. Retrieved 13 Mar. 2008
22. ^ http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif); padding-right: 18px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; “>”Multiethnic Placement Act: Submission of Recruitment Plans”. Administration for Children and Families. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. October 11, 1995. Retrieved May 9, 2013.
23. ^ “Howard M. Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse”. U.S. General Services Administration. Retrieved May 9, 2013.