Category: Ethnic History of Cleveland

The Golden Door – an Open and Shut History:  Pre WW2 U.S Immigration Policy and its Impact on Jewish Cleveland  3/18/15

The Golden Door – an Open and Shut History: 
Pre WW2 U.S Immigration Policy and its Impact on Jewish Cleveland 
 
Wednesday March 18, 2015 @ Maltz Museum 4pm
 
Lecture by Dr. John J. Grabowski, Krieger-Mueller Associate Professor in Applied History at Case Western Reserve University
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America prides itself on being a melting pot, and for more than a century virtually unrestricted immigration filled the country with residents from around the world. But war, racism and the fear of radical political movements led to legislation that drastically limited immigration from WWI to the 1960s.

Learn more about the historical forces that closed the nation’s doors and the impact that legislation had on ethnic and national groups who sought refuge here, with Case Western Reserve University professor and editor of The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History, Dr. John Grabowski.

This program is part of the 2014-2015 Cleveland Jewish History and Public Policy Series co-sponsored by Cleveland Jewish News Foundation, The Laura and Alvin Siegal Lifelong Learning Program at Case Western Reserve University, Teaching Cleveland Digital and the Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage.

 
 grabowski.jpg Dr. John Grabowski

Norman S. Minor (1901-1968)

Norman S. Minor (1901-1968)
Norman S Minor was an African-American attorney, originally a prosecutor and then a defense attorney. He helped to train a number of Cleveland’s prominent black attorneys including Louis and Carl Stokes 

The late Congressman Louis Stokes who trained under Mr. Minor called him the “Greatest criminal trial lawyer this state has ever known” in this interview (12:32)

From Cleveland.com
Norman S. Minor, was Cuyahoga County’s 1st black assistant prosecutor: Black History Month

From Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:
MINOR, NORMAN SELBY (19 July 1901-15 May 1968), noted criminal trial attorney under whom a number of Cleveland’s prominent black attorneys, including Merle McCurdy and Louis and CARL STOKES, trained, was born in Oak Park, Ill., to Arthur and Rebecca Walden Minor. He came to Cleveland when he was 4. After 2 years at the University of Michigan, he graduated with an LL.B. degree from John Marshall Law School in 1927, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1928. From 1928-30, Minor was associated with the firm of Payne, Green, Minor, & Perry, taking cases of men in jail who needed a free lawyer in order to gain trial experience. Appointed assistant Cuyahoga County prosecutor in 1930, he was assigned to cases in which the defendants were black since the discriminatory system at the time limited general use of his skills. He worked effectively to change the policy for subsequent black prosecutors and, despite discrimination, became one of Cleveland’s best criminal trial lawyers. He prosecuted more than 5,000 felony cases, including 13 successful prosecutions for 1st-degree murder, his most famous case being that of Willie “The Mad Butcher” Johnson, convicted of murdering 12 women during the 1930s and 1940s. Involved in Democratic party politics, Minor polled the largest vote of any black candidate to that time in a 1937 election defeat for a municipal court judgeship. In 1948 Minor returned to private practice as a criminal defense lawyer specializing in homicide cases.

Minor married three times and had two children. He had a son, Harold Craig (Green) Minor (b.1921-d.1988); a daughter, Valena (Williams) from the Feb. 1922 marriage to Grace C. Jones which ended in divorce in 1926. Minor married Norvell Major (d. 1937) in 1928; and in 1938, Minor married Mary Christian. He is buried in LAKE VIEW CEMETERY.

Obituary from Plain Dealer
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Ebony Magazine article on Norman S. Minor, November 1963
Click here (8mg pdf)

Incredible quote from Ebony essay:
“(Minor) has been either the prosecutor or the defense lawyer in almost every heinous crime committed in Cleveland since 1930, the year he began his trial work.”
Google books link is here

 

Cleveland Cultural Gardens from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

Cleveland Cultural Gardens from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

The link is here

CLEVELAND CULTURAL GARDEN FEDERATION – The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History

The CLEVELAND CULTURAL GARDEN FEDERATION oversees the Cultural Gardens, landscaped gardens with statuary honoring various ethnic groups in Cleveland situated along East Blvd. and Martin Luther King, Jr., Blvd. 


Dedication ceremonies at the American Cultural Garden, July 1943. Courtesy of the Plain Dealer.

The CCGF was founded in 1925 as the Civic Progress League by LEO WEIDENTHAL†, who, during the dedication of the Shakespeare Garden in ROCKEFELLER PARK in 1916, felt that similar sites should be prepared for each of the city’s nationality communities. In 1926 the organization became the Cultural Garden League, and a Hebrew garden was established. On 9 May 1927 the city set aside areas of Rockefeller Park for future gardens. The Italian, German, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Ukrainian gardens were established in 1930; the Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Yugoslav gardens in 1934; and the American, Rusin, Irish, Greek, and Syrian gardens in 1938. Romanian, Estonian, Afro-American, Chinese, Finnish, and Indian gardens have since been created. Planning and fundraising for each garden was undertaken within the various ethnic communities, while the Cleveland Cultural Garden Fed. (the name adopted in 1952) oversaw overall planning and coordinated various joint programs, including the 2nd UNESCO Conference (1949) and the annual One World Day (begun in 1945). During the 1960s and 1970s, many gardens suffered vandalism and statuary was removed for safekeeping. In 1985-86 a major restructuring of the area was undertaken and plans discussed for rehabilitating the gardens by the federation, including 40 members from the affiliated nationalities. In the 1990s, the federation’s bylaws were rewritten so that each member group had 2 members and an alternate member on the Federation Board. Richard J. Konisiewicz served as president of the federation, which maintained 25 sites in 1995.

Cleveland Cultural Garden Fed. Records, WRHS.

Lederer, Clara. Their Paths Are Peace (1954).

2 articles on the demise of the Cleveland Cultural Gardens Cleveland Plain Dealer January 16 and 17, 1978 by Michael J. Howard

2 articles on the demise of the Cleveland Cultural Gardens Cleveland Plain Dealer January 16 and 17, 1978

Written by Michael J. Howard

“Whatever Became of the Cultural Gardens?” January 16, 1978 The pdf is here

“A Plan to Save the Cultural Gardens” January 17, 1978 The pdf is here

 

Teaching Cleveland Digital